How is hypotonia characterized in muscle tone assessment?

Hypotonia is characterized by a decrease in muscle tone, which refers to the state of muscle tension at rest. In clinical assessments, muscle tone is evaluated based on the resistance of muscles to passive stretching. When hypotonia is present, the muscles exhibit less resistance, leading to a floppiness or lack of firmness when moved. This diminished muscle tone can arise from various neurological conditions and significantly impacts coordination and balance.

In contrast, excessive resistance to movement signifies hypertonia, which does not apply to hypotonia. Normal muscle tone refers to a healthy balance of muscle tension, while a complete lack of muscle tension (or flaccidity) describes a more extreme state beyond what is classified as hypotonia. Therefore, identifying hypotonia accurately as a decrease in muscle tone is crucial for understanding its implications in neuromuscular function.