What is spasticity in neurological disorders?

Spasticity is a condition that is primarily characterized by increased muscle tone or stiffness, leading to an abnormal increase in muscle activity. This neurological symptom typically arises due to damage in the parts of the brain or spinal cord that control voluntary movement, such as in conditions such as cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. The increased tone results from an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals transmitted to the muscles, causing them to become overly tight and making movement difficult.

Individuals experiencing spasticity may find their movements restricted by this stiffness, leading to functional limitations in their daily activities. The condition can also manifest as exaggerated reflexes, making spasticity a key focus in rehabilitation and treatment strategies. Understanding spasticity is essential in neuro-rehabilitation where therapies target muscle relaxation and improving functional movement.