What is the primary screening tool for detecting depression in patients?

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is widely recognized as a primary screening tool for detecting depression in patients due to its robust psychometric properties and practical applicability in clinical settings. The PHQ-9 consists of nine questions that reflect the DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder, making it highly relevant for accurate diagnosis. Each item corresponds to specific symptoms of depression, such as mood changes, loss of interest, and alterations in sleep and appetite, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s mental health state.

Moreover, the PHQ-9 not only screens for the presence and severity of depression but is also sensitive to changes over time, making it useful for monitoring treatment response. It is easy to administer, requiring minimal training, and can be self-reported or administered by healthcare professionals, enhancing its accessibility in various healthcare settings.

Contextually, while other tools like the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental Status Exam focus on cognitive function and general mental status, they are not specifically aimed at identifying depression. The Geriatric Depression Scale, while effective for older adults, is not as broadly used as the PHQ-9 for all age groups and general populations. This differential focus underscores the importance of the PHQ-9 as the